See -ums on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_text": "Perhaps after diddums or snookums.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ums",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ums",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 44 33 11 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 33 20 15 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 30 19 18 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used in forming affectionate terms of address."
],
"id": "en--ums-en-suffix-maSZ4SPK",
"links": [
[
"affectionate",
"affectionate#English"
],
[
"terms of address",
"term of address#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ums"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ums",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "24 30 19 18 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-um"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of -um"
],
"id": "en--ums-nl-suffix-fe~SA2Bn",
"links": [
[
"-um",
"-um#Dutch"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-a"
}
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "-ums"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*-mas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *-mas",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "-ums"
},
"expansion": "Latvian -ums",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "-umas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian -umas",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-mas. Cognates include Latvian -ums and Lithuanian -umas.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "-ums",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-umi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-uma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-umu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-umam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-umim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-umu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-umus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-umu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-umim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-umā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-umūs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-umi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ums",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latgalian",
"lang_code": "ltg",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latgalian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "24 30 19 18 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form resultative nouns from verbs: -ion"
],
"id": "en--ums-ltg-suffix-IKXu~K9m",
"links": [
[
"resultative",
"resultative#English"
],
[
"-ion",
"-ion"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[-ums]"
}
],
"word": "-ums"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": "*-umas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic *-umas",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "saugùs",
"3": "",
"4": "safe, sure"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian saugùs (“safe, sure”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "-umas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian -umas",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Baltic *-umas, possibly from an earlier suffix *-ma(s) added to a u-stem (e.g., Lithuanian saugùs (“safe, sure”), saugù-mas), from which the u was reinterpreted as part of the suffix and then extended to other stems. Cognate with Lithuanian -umas.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "suffix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-ums",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ums",
"name": "lv-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 30 19 18 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "71 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "77 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LG",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "77 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian undefined derivations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to adjectives to form nouns indicating a state of being, similar to (and frequently corresponding to) English -ness, -ence, -tion."
],
"id": "en--ums-lv-suffix-o0Z3ReVF",
"links": [
[
"-ness",
"-ness#English"
],
[
"-ence",
"-ence#English"
],
[
"-tion",
"-tion#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Added to verbs to form nouns indicating an object produced by the action described by the verb."
],
"id": "en--ums-lv-suffix-uIHVMSh-",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ums"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ums",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch inflectional suffixes",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-um"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of -um"
],
"links": [
[
"-um",
"-um#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"plural"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-a"
}
],
"word": "-ums"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_text": "Perhaps after diddums or snookums.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ums",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ums",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Used in forming affectionate terms of address."
],
"links": [
[
"affectionate",
"affectionate#English"
],
[
"terms of address",
"term of address#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ums"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*-mas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *-mas",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "-ums"
},
"expansion": "Latvian -ums",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "-umas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian -umas",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-mas. Cognates include Latvian -ums and Lithuanian -umas.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "-ums",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-umi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-uma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-umu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-umam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-umim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-umu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-umus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-umu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-umim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-umā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-umūs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-umi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ums",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latgalian",
"lang_code": "ltg",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latgalian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latgalian lemmas",
"Latgalian suffixes",
"Latgalian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Latgalian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Latgalian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form resultative nouns from verbs: -ion"
],
"links": [
[
"resultative",
"resultative#English"
],
[
"-ion",
"-ion"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[-ums]"
}
],
"word": "-ums"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian etymologies from LG",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian suffixes",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic",
"Latvian undefined derivations",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": "*-umas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic *-umas",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "saugùs",
"3": "",
"4": "safe, sure"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian saugùs (“safe, sure”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "-umas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian -umas",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Baltic *-umas, possibly from an earlier suffix *-ma(s) added to a u-stem (e.g., Lithuanian saugùs (“safe, sure”), saugù-mas), from which the u was reinterpreted as part of the suffix and then extended to other stems. Cognate with Lithuanian -umas.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "suffix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-ums",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ums",
"name": "lv-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Added to adjectives to form nouns indicating a state of being, similar to (and frequently corresponding to) English -ness, -ence, -tion."
],
"links": [
[
"-ness",
"-ness#English"
],
[
"-ence",
"-ence#English"
],
[
"-tion",
"-tion#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Added to verbs to form nouns indicating an object produced by the action described by the verb."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ums"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ums meaning in All languages combined (5.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-04-01 using wiktextract (7de0cf9 and 9452535). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.